In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain the biology, symptoms and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression), a condition characterized by extreme, maladaptive shifts in energy, mood and perception. I describe the diagnostic criteria that distinguish bipolar I from bipolar II, including mania and hypomania and the different patterns of mood cycling. I discuss the remarkable history and discovery of lithium and how it works, in part by reducing inflammation, providing neuroprotection and supporting the interoceptive neural circuits affected in bipolar disorder. I also cover talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy and nutraceuticals such as omega-3 fatty acids and inositol, and I explore the intriguing relationship between mood disorders and creativity. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder, as well as those interested in how the brain balances mood, energy and focus.

Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder

(00:01:09) Bipolar I; Manic Episode Symptoms

(00:05:00) Bipolar II, Hypomania; Depressive Episodes & Cycling

(00:09:00) Sponsor: BetterHelp

(00:10:09) Lithium Discovery, Dr. John Cade, Uric Acid

(00:12:14) Lithium Urate & Guinea Pigs, Control Experiments

(00:13:19) Lithium Salts Paper, Toxicity & Monitoring

(00:15:40) How Lithium Works: Inflammation & Neuroprotection

(00:16:50) Exteroception vs. Interoception, Neural Circuit Atrophy

(00:19:04) Sponsor: AG1

(00:20:29) Drug vs. Talk Therapies

(00:20:40) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy

(00:22:30) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Treatment-Resistant Depression

(00:24:07) Caution: Rely on Prescribed Treatment, Suicide Risk

(00:24:59) Tool: Lifestyle Support, Sleep, Exercise, Nutrition & Sunlight

(00:26:05) Tool: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Fish Oil Study

(00:29:53) Sponsor: Eight Sleep

(00:31:10) Creativity & Mood Disorders, Eminent Individuals Study

(00:34:00) Recap & Key Takeaways

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